By the end of the 19th century, 80% of those in Europe lived in towns and cities, drawn there by the promise of material riches that were not available to them in the country. This new series explores what they faced.
naturalism
Glass bottles contain potions, including medicines for the sick, and more generally for scientific purposes. Some also contain alcoholic drinks.
Scenes of the Valencian fishing industry, a psychiatrist researching with his microscope, and young boys with disabilities enjoying the sea.
Starting with gentle Impressionism in Paris in the summer of 1885, he quickly became an eloquent Naturalist documenting contemporary Spain.
Naturalist views of ordinary people in Ukrainian countryside that use Bastien-Lepage’s successful formula with defocussing of the background.
Born near Chuhuiv, she settled in Paris where she trained and rose to success as Jules Bastien-Lepage’s protege, then died at the age of 25.
In Spain, Sorolla was first Naturalist, then his style loosened to resemble that of Sargent; Zorn in Sweden painted early detailed watercolours before loosening up in oils.
Paintings of iron and steel production, printing, lead mining, machining a cog wheel, spinning, and developing a photograph.
Claude Bernard, whose 1865 book on experimental physiology was popular with Zola and many artists, two scientists who drew the structure of the brain and more.
Initiated by Whistler from 1860, it became popular with artists returning from training in Paris in the 1880s, then Sargent, Sickert, and teachers Tonks and Clausen.
The Eclectic Light Company 