Did Vermeer use a camera obscura? What went wrong with Impressionist oil sketches? When did Klimt paint from photographs? Does any of this really detract from the art in a painting?
Monet
Its peak with Bonington, Friedrich, Corot and others. Decline in Impressionism to deliberate omission in ‘primitives’ such as Cézanne and Astrup.
From Monet’s rhythmic arrays of poplar trees on the banks of the River Epte to Holder’s arrays of figures, more examples of this technique.
Impressionists seem not to have taken to skying, and most of their paintings have high horizons. But there are exceptions.
The last years of the nineteenth century were highly productive, with landscapes and Symbolist works too.
During his lifetime, Durand-Ruel bought a total of 1,500 paintings by Renoir, over 1,000 Monets, 800 Pissarros, over 400 by Degas, and almost 400 from each of Sisley and Mary Cassatt.
Paintings by Bonington, Jongkind, Monet, Vincent van Gogh, and Piet Mondrian show the latter years of windmills in northern Europe.
Barely known in Europe, he studied in France for 5 years, then from 1888 was a major landscape painter in the US, one of The Ten.
Ten paintings, some very famous: can you work out which show dawn, and show dusk?
He excelled across all genres, one of few painters of the time to do so. He was, and remains, one of the greatest European painters of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
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