How APFS, the boot volume group, hashes, and Secure Boot all combine to guarantee the integrity of your system, and save you trouble and work.
APFS
The differences between HFS+ and APFS volumes explored. What a container is, and how to add new HFS+ and APFS volumes to a disk.
Tackles decisions and problems, including whether to use APFS in the backup sparsebundle, AFP or SMB, and configuration.
Can you migrate your old backups from HFS+ to APFS format? What can slow your backups down? Can you still use AFP, and what about restoring the system?
Links to my presentation, and to a selection of useful articles about Time Machine backups to APFS, and more.
An exploration of how Time Machine backs up to APFS, using Mints to make log access quick, simple, and easy to understand. And notes on changes in Monterey.
Why deleting either the System or Data volume, but not the whole Volume Group, could get your Mac into trouble in macOS 11 or 12.
Introduced in Mac OS X 10.7, it remained an HFS+ partition until High Sierra. With Mojave, it became an APFS volume, except for M1 Macs.
The split startup volumes in Catalina, Big Sur and Monterey can be disorientating. Here’s how to find your way in the Finder and Terminal.
Turning the data blocks into files and directories, these have common functions and additional features which can give rise to tricky problems.
The Eclectic Light Company 