Accurate when on his home ground, Constable appears to have altered reflections for effect. Turner even more so, with frequent vertical exaggeration, but wonderful effects.
landscape
An overview of reflections in landscape paintings by van Eyck, Dürer, Cuyp, Poussin, Claude Lorrain, Canaletto, and Claude-Joseph Vernet in 1771.
Introduction to the geometry of reflections on water, and a composite image to aid their analysis. How Turner altered some of the reflections he painted.
Leader’s Worcester, Constable’s several paintings of Salisbury, Canaletto’s Saint Paul’s in London, a Thanksgiving at St Paul’s, Bastien-Lepage and Le Sidaner.
How Thomas Girtin’s watercolours of British cathedrals matured from his first of Rochester when he was only 15, to Durham and Ripon Minster a decade later.
More fine views of this rugged island by Achenbach, Theodore Robinson, Susan Watkins, Konstantin Gorbatov, and others.
Views of its dramatic coastline, high cliffs, and natural rock arches, by Albert Bierstadt, Haseltine, John Singer Sargent, and others.
Spectacular landscapes and details painted by John Ferguson Weir, Laurits Tuxen, Joaquín Sorolla, John Singer Sargent, Théo van Rysselberghe, and others.
Exquisite Arabic Muslim art and architecture in Granada, painted in topographic views, and by Franz von Lenbach, Henri Regnault, Martín Rico, Childe Hassam, Tom Roberts and others.
Watermills by Jacob van Ruisdael and Meindert Hobbema, and a selection of windmills by Rembrandt, Jan van Goyen, and a later copy by John Constable.
The Eclectic Light Company 