Turning harvested and threshed grain into food required it to be crushed into flour in mills, powered either by wind or water.
van Ruisdael
Some of the greatest paintings forming the zeitgeist of the genre, from Poussin, Rubens, Valenciennes, Turner, Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, and others.
Coastal landscapes from Claude in 1639, through visits to the island of Capri, to Étretat and Monet’s series, and Divisionists in the Midi.
How repoussoir originated in figurative painting, and came to become a popular compositional technique for landscapes from Giorgione to Turner.
Once the mark of rural poverty, thatched roofs were common throughout the countryside of Europe. Here are some up to the 1890s.
From Giorgione, Dürer and Altdorfer to Turner, Pissarro, Monet and Renoir: landmarks in the composition of landscape paintings.
Frosts herald the winter, a time when few landscape painters work out of doors, but retreat to the studio. These paintings of frost come from the hardiest of artist.
Rubens as a landscape painter influenced by the Brueghels, and the changing horizons seen in Dutch Golden Age paintings.
Horizon, planes of foreground, middle distance and background, repoussoir and framing, rhythm, reflections and panoramas – examples of compositional techniques.
At the start of the 19th century, industrial power came from wind and water. Within forty years, steam power was taking over. How quickly did Turner respond to this revolution?
The Eclectic Light Company 