Introduction to the geometry of reflections on water, and a composite image to aid their analysis. How Turner altered some of the reflections he painted.
Turner
Although not unknown beforehand, these were patented in 1787, when the term was coined. Examples from before 1627 BCE to the end of the 19th century.
Invented by Paracelsus, to have an afterlife they must marry a human. But that man must remain faithful to them, or they will die from Ondine’s Curse.
After the Disaster Year of 1672, the art market collapsed. Dutch artists reverted to the more traditional, but their impact on secular themes, and genres including landscapes and still life has endured.
Paintings starting with JMW Turner in 1844, through Monet in 1871, Winslow Homer, Jules Bastien-Lepage, Tom Roberts, Pissarro, and Childe Hassam.
Applying thinner layers of paint, or glazes, developed optical effects that were widely used into the late 19th century, but have now fallen from favour.
Venus born surrounded by colourful fish, in the element water, in a feeding frenzy by Turner’s Slave Ship, with mermaids, and brought ashore ready to eat.
Composition and effects of different types of varnish, with its visual effects, and how it can make a painting unreadable when it contains accumulated dirt.
Tiny jewels fashioned from blobs of white paint, Rembrandt’s textured paint layers. Turner’s scratchings, and van Gogh’s textured Wheat Field with Cypresses, seen in fine detail.
A highly toxic arsenic salt, it succeeded Scheele’s green and was widely used until the 20th century, and finally discontinued in the 1960s.
The Eclectic Light Company 