More important than perspective projection are cues including depth order, relative size, height in the picture plane, and aerial perspective.
realism
Hodler’s Parallelist paintings, and more than 30 of the paintings of Paul CĂ©zanne depart from the basic optical principles of reflections. Why?
Before photography, the only opportunity to see your face, painters took advantage of the Venus Effect to break optical rules and show faces that couldn’t have been seen in the mirror.
How to paint a landscape with faithful and coherent cast shadows, why most painters don’t do so, and a few get it wrong.
Leonardo da Vinci studied different types of shade and shadow, but recommended painters not to depict cast shadows in their paintings. This explains why.
Explaining shade, attached and cast shadows seen in paintings. While the first two have been generally painted faithfully, cast shadows are more complicated.
The hard road to realism: development and propagation of knowledge, how to apply it in paintings, and its benefit on visual art.
From about 1900, he painted almost exclusively in pastel, finely realist works that rendered surface optical properties to perfection.
Some important paintings from 1815-19, including two religious works with deep personal meaning. Goya’s paintings are now dominated by black.
How rendering of the surface texture of fabrics changed during the southern Renaissance, and new techniques were exported to the north.
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