Tens of thousands of log entries are made between the start of kernel boot and the unlocking of the Data volume. Where they’re stored has been a mystery. With additional details of log maintenance and retention.
Preboot
Simply having a boot volume group with a System snapshot in it won’t get your Mac to start up from that disk, particularly if it’s an Apple silicon model. Some details.
This has changed greatly over the last few versions of macOS, and differs between different types of Mac. Here’s an outline.
Updated charts of containers and volumes on boot volume groups for Ventura, with details of cryptexes and what they do.
The Eclectic Light Company 