Composition and effects of different types of varnish, with its visual effects, and how it can make a painting unreadable when it contains accumulated dirt.
Palmer
Ink, soot suspended in water, making the transition from drawings into paintings. The secret of shellac. Casein, originally from sour milk, as a binder in some vast murals.
Some of the most famous Impressionist paintings celebrated their role and their distinctive beauty, and how they show Mondrian becoming modern.
Cutting the grain crop, in paintings by Pieter Brueghel the Elder, Samuel Palmer, John Linnell, Jean-François Millet, Volodymyr Orlovsky, Mykola Pymonenko and others.
Paintings of summer storms from the dawn of landscape art and Giorgione, through Poussin and Vernet, to Palmer and Constable.
A unique systematic and accessible account of clouds, their naming and classification, illustrated not with photos but an excellent selection of paintings.
Views of and from rolling chalk hills in the south-east of England, including Samuel Palmer, Richard Burchett, Barbara Bodichon, and the Pre-Raphaelite John Brett.
Milkmaids milking cows in the shed, a farmer threshing and winnowing grain, churning butter, and a young couple courting by the back-ends of cows.
Ploughing, sowing, weeding, calving and lambing, the hay harvest, sheep shearing, the grain harvest, fruit harvests, then back again to the start.
Sheep were the best mobile source of dung, and used to fertilise the soil used to raise crops such as staple cereals, wheat and rye. They also provided fleeces to generate the wool trade.
The Eclectic Light Company 