Changes made to the finished version of a painting after its painting has started may be evident from careful examination. Examples from Leonardo da Vinci to Paul Cézanne.
painting
Charles and Ubaldo fly across the Mediterranean in a ship, reach the island where Armida is holding Rinaldo captive in her garden, and ascend its mountain to rescue him.
Lean years in the 1890s, then his resurgence in the 20th century. Views of Baltic wetlands, sea eagles, seabirds, and wild geese.
Origins with Dürer, occasional motifs in the Dutch Golden Age, and Audubon’s birds. Liljefors painting wildlife set in natural surroundings, as works of art.
Inspired by Émile Zola’s novels, Nordic painters including Krohg, and Werenskiold, American Charles Ulrich, Gandolfo in Sicily, and others. How Roll’s painting of a strike led to Zola’s ‘Germinal’.
Increasingly challenging reflections by Caillebotte, Martin Rico, Normann in the Norwegian fjords, specialist Frits Thaulow, and an essay in optics by Kazimierz Sichulski.
Challenging Naturalist paintings with equally challenging readings: a beggar giving his last coin, 5 hardened gamblers in a dive, a young apprentice making a cog, and a council group portrait.
Pairs of oil studies and finished paintings by Rubens, Géricault, Constable, Frith, Seurat, Eakins, Bierstadt and Cross.
The crusaders can’t replace their siege towers because the nearby wood is bewitched. Godfrey dispatches a party to retrieve Rinaldo, but he has been abducted by Armida.
She married publishing magnate Alfred Edwards and cruised on their large yacht. In 1909 she divorced and married a Spanish painter, while being a major patron of Diaghilev and his Ballets Russes.
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