Optical principles are straightforward, but can become extremely complex in practice. Examples from Jan van Eyck to Hodler and Signac.
landscape
Paintings by Marie Spartali Stillman, Philip Wilson Steer, Paul Helleu, and William Dyce, and photography by Julia Margaret Cameron.
Paintings by JMW Turner, Clarkson Stanfield, William Dyce, John Brett, Whistler, Berthe Morisot and others.
How to paint a landscape with faithful and coherent cast shadows, why most painters don’t do so, and a few get it wrong.
A prolific landscape painter who taught key members of the avant garde. He was also a founding supporter of Kyiv Zoo.
In 1869 he sailed on board ‘Panther’ on an expedition to Greenland and the Arctic. Among his subsequent commissioned paintings was one for Queen Victoria.
In the 1850s and 60s he was a successful marine artist, working in whaling ports such as Fairhaven, before moving to Boston.
John Crome, a quiet innovator and founder of the Norwich School, Frederick Sandys, Thomas Girtin and others in Norfolk and Lincoln.
From Walton-on-the-Naze in Essex, via the wooded countryside of Gainsborough and Constable, to the coast of Philip Wilson Steer.
Trees in blossom from Sérusier, Bonnard, Waterhouse, van Rysselberghe, Nikolai Astrup and others.
The Eclectic Light Company 