They drew carts and ploughs, in preference to horses where power rather than speed was needed. Also for milk, beef and their hides processed into leather.
landscape
Pointillisme in the city, with Henri-Edmond Cross and Paul Signac, with more by John Singer Sargent, in the early years of the 20th century.
Maurice Prendergast,Henri-Edmond Cross, Martín Rico, Walter Sickert, John Singer Sargent, and others paint the canals.
Arable farmers learned to rotate crops, to prevent loss of soil fertility. At the same time, land was enclosed to remove it from use for communal grazing.
Paintings by Martín Rico, a Spaniard who painted in Venice ever summer, and died in the city, Renoir, John Henry Twachtman, Frank Duveneck, Boudin, and others.
Landscape and history painter who progressed from realist, through Barbizon to Impressionism, then his views caught fire. Spectacular landscapes indeed.
Paintings by Richard Parkes Bonington, Edward Lear, JMW Turner, and John Ferguson Weir, during the revival of interest in Venice.
One of the first serious landscape painters in Europe, contemporary and friend of Dürer, and originator of the World View, a precursor to the panorama.
Paintings from Childe Hassam of his summer campaigns on Appledore Island, and from Robert Henri and his pupil George Bellows, mainly from the 20th century.
Paintings from 1845 by Thomas Cole, Frederic Edwin Church his pupil, Winslow Homer, and other American artists from the 18th century.
The Eclectic Light Company 