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kernel extension

How macOS has grown 2019-2025

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Analyses of numbers of bundles in the /System folder and significant folders within that, for macOS 10.14.5 Mojave to 26.2 Tahoe. These show how private macOS has become.

January 2, 2026 Macs, Technology

A brief history of SIP

It provided 3 protections when introduced in El Capitan in 2015, and has now grown extensively to cover NVRAM, kernel boot arguments, authentication of root, and even malware scans.

August 23, 2025 Macs, Technology

When you should use Safe Mode, and what it does

Claimed to block 3rd-party extensions and customisations from loading, check the startup disk, and to clear some system caches. When and why should you use it?

March 21, 2025 Macs, Technology

How to deal with a kernel panic

Your Mac unexpectedly restarts, and a little after logging in you see a Panic Alert. Before sending that to Apple, save a copy and follow this guidance, including how to read a panic log.

February 19, 2025 Macs, Technology

What can’t you do on Apple silicon Macs, and what should you avoid?

Running older macOS, support for Intel apps and kernel extensions, booting from an external drive, Boot Camp and Windows support, cloning, and startup key combinations.

February 17, 2025 Macs, Technology

How macOS has grown 2019-2024

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How the number of bundles in /System/Library has risen from Mojave to Sequoia, and why the last 5 years have been so different from the previous 20.

January 1, 2025 Macs, Technology

Managing kernel extensions

It’s time to review old kernel extensions, and uninstall those no longer needed. Here’s how to do that, using uninstallers or manually.

December 3, 2024 Macs, Technology

How macOS is moving away from kernel extensions

How 3rd party developers used KPIs for drivers and much else in kernel extensions. These are now being replaced progressively by System Extensions. This is the state of play.

July 24, 2024 Macs, Technology

Could our Macs be CrowdStruck?

What caused so many PCs running Windows to crash into the Blue Screen of Death? Could it happen to our Macs too?

July 22, 2024 Macs, Technology

A short history of Mac OS extensions

Extensions or INITs in Classic Mac OS required Conflict Catcher for their management. But they remain a vulnerability, and can’t be used with full boot security any more.

June 29, 2024 Macs, Technology

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