What you need to know about the HFS+ file system, so you can understand error reports and how to repair it using Disk Utility and other tools.
journalling
Explains how Time Machine knows what to back up, why it performs deep event scans, and how that system is different from HFS+ journaling.
Your disk’s journal aims to prevent disk errors which can occur after a crash. Here’s how to use it to protect your Mac’s data.
Do folders have timestamps to keep track of the last modification and original time of creation? Are these updated when metadata are modified, and how does journalling fit in with this?
The Eclectic Light Company 