This reference covers fsck_apfs, diskutil information, diskutil apfs, conversion of HFS+ to APFS, mount_apfs, and newfs_apfs.
fsck_apfs
Two problems undermine Disk Utility’s First Aid: it persisting bug in failing to unmount volumes to check and repair, and its default omission of containers. And errors in APFS seem to be on the rise.
How to use First Aid in Disk Utility to check and repair APFS storage, whether it’s part of your boot disk, or general storage.
When you’ve worked out which files or folders are causing errors in APFS, what can you do to ensure they don’t recur?
Disk errors threaten your data: how to detect them, how to use First Aid in Disk Utility, how to use fsck, and what to do with the disk afterward.
Disk Utility version 22.6 in Ventura 13.4 finally tackles bugs running First Aid on APFS volumes. Has it finally solved them?
Should you run First Aid on every volume, then each container? And why can it return status 65? How can you work around that?
Have you ever tried running First Aid on an APFS volume and been told it failed with status 65? It’s time for that to be fixed, so we can check and repair disks properly.
Apple could have chosen to make APFS open source or to document it fully, to help third parties develop maintenance tools. It chose not to, but Disk Utility still doesn’t work as it should.
How to repair a snapshot with an error when it’s one of your backups on a hard disk? Currently this seems impossible, putting all those backups at risk.