Related optical effects that combine to give the impression of depth. Explored in Renaissance paintings, and some from the 19th century.
Cézanne
Best-known for his watercolours of Venice, he was a Post-Impressionist, and an early promoter of the art of Cézanne and Matisse in the US.
What time of day is it? How cast shadows can help or confound, a painting showing Donati’s comet that can be timed precisely, and difficulties with indoor paintings.
Paintings from Rembrandt’s second version to Cézanne and Franz von Stuck show the triumph of privileged male power.
The sign of (human) death. Lots of skulls means mass death or apocalypse. Held by Hamlet, featured in vanitas paintings, and with Mary Magdalene.
Driven by storms to the coast of North Africa, Aeneas and Dido fall in love, but he can’t stay and must move on in search of his destiny.
A history painting of a battle in 1477 was criticised. Then he was taken as artist to a diplomatic mission to Morocco, and turned Orientalist.
Brunelleschi’s geometry, Masaccio’s technique and vision, Alberti’s initial and popular account, followed by a comprehensive account by Piero della Francesca.
More important than perspective projection are cues including depth order, relative size, height in the picture plane, and aerial perspective.
Hodler’s Parallelist paintings, and more than 30 of the paintings of Paul Cézanne depart from the basic optical principles of reflections. Why?
The Eclectic Light Company 