A brief start with MFS for 400 KB floppies, followed by HFS intended for the first hard disks, upgraded to HFS+ in 1988, and followed in 2017 by APFS for all the OSes.
FileVault
There’s extensive experience in recovering deleted files from hard disks, and results can be surprisingly good. Recovery from SSDs is more tricky, and secure ‘wiping’ ensures nothing can ever be recovered, making good backups essential.
How FileVault and APFS Encrypted are enabled and managed differently, and details of how they work internally. Concentrates on T2 and Apple silicon Macs, but also covers older Intel models.
Recommendations for the ‘standard’ user for security and privacy protection from startup to shutdown. A broad overview of all key systems and how they fit together.
First securing the Home folder in an encrypted sparse disk image, then to whole-volume encryption using CoreStorage, now using T2 and Apple silicon chips.
How secure and private can you make a macOS VM on Apple silicon? Follow these steps to create your own private Mac within macOS.
Could old images be retained on a device or your Mac after you had securely erased it using Erase Assistant?
Although some are still experiencing the issue of new FileVault security keys, Sonoma 14.5 looks the best release yet, and fixes some troublesome bugs.
This reference covers fsck_apfs, diskutil information, diskutil apfs, conversion of HFS+ to APFS, mount_apfs, and newfs_apfs.
Recent oddities with FileVault Recovery Keys, and a new exploit GoFetch, raise concerns over how secure FileVault protection is.
The Eclectic Light Company 