Centred on Caspar David Friedrich, they were influenced by Claude-Joseph Vernet, Caspar Wolf, Philip James de Loutherbourg and Henry Fuseli.
de Loutherbourg
Passes of St Gothard, Chalus in N Iran, the Pyrenees, the Vikos Gorge, the Daryal Gorge in the Caucasus, the Simplon and others.
More paintings by great artists who preceded JMW Turner, including James Ward, Thomas Girtin, Philip de Loutherbourg, John Crome, John Sell Cotman and John Constable.
In the 1870s, Manet and Monet introduced steam trains to the world of art. At the Salon, they were met with ridicule, but became an important theme in Impressionism.
With the Industrial Revolution, painters started to depict the furnaces and factories which grew rapidly across Europe and North America. This selection runs to 1879.
From the early years of landscape painting as a genre in its own right, artists have used it to depict the awe-inspiring but fascinating horrors of the sublime.
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