Causation is important when dealing with Mac problems, but tougher than when looking at cholera or even cyclosporiasis. macOS provides little help, though, because of its complexity and opacity.
cause and effect
Know yourself, including your methods and their limitations; nothing to excess, and certainty brings insanity: the maxims for those who study macOS.
Are we confident that economists who fail to spot their computational cock-ups are a steady hand guiding the tiller of international fiscal policy?
The Eclectic Light Company 